Thursday, November 21, 2013

Proposal

                                         Research Proposal on Lubbock's water----Can Liu
The water crisis is a common problem that has happened everywhere because of the growth of population, farming, contamination and so on. No exception, The City of  Lubbock is also facing a severe water crisis. Lake Meredith has been the primary water source for years for Lubbock (Reed, 2012) until 2011. As Lake Meredith has completely dried up, the water crisis has been paid more attention than ever before. In 2013, the main source of water for Lubbock comes from two well fields in Roberts County and Bailey County and Lake Alan Henry. The Lubbock Water Department has acclaimed that the City is constantly exploring water sources for Lubbock and they have made plans for the residents for the next 100 years (Lubbock Water Department, 2013). However, using water wisely is always the best way to protect our water sources.
There are a lot of articles  discussing the solution for Lubbock's water crisis. "Lubbock residents use 190 gallons per person each day. If we can cut it off to 170 gallons per person, not only can we save money but also we can extend the usage of our water sources for several more years" (KCBD News, 2005). Deputy City Manager Tom Adams says, "If we didn't do anything, it's possible by 2015, we would need a new source. But if we can conserve just a little bit, we can push that to 2020, 2025, even 2030" (KCBD News, 2005, par. 2). Because of the lack of actions to save water, this prediction already came true in 2013 when we started the new supply of Lake Alan Henry. Thus Adams, from The Water Advisory Commission, proposed a rate structure in the way we are charged for water. Adams says, "The more you use it stays the same rate. The next step would be an increasing rate structure where the more you use the higher the price is" (KCBD News, 2005, par. 3). This efficient way to address the water crisis was adopted by many cities such as Tucson, Portland and Denver.  Unfortunately, it is confirmed by the City of Lubbock that the city had not applied a water rate structure since 2006 (KCBD News, 2013). "The City of Lubbock is on a block rate system and it has been encouraging water conservation for many decades and will still stay on the water conservation plan" (KCBD News, 2013).
 New technology of recycling water may also plays a crucial role for solving the water crisis in the future. Rainwater from NASA mentioned that the Johnson Space Center [JSC] has spent years trying to find a new way to recycle water for long term space flight (KCBD News, 2005). Rainwater says, "They're trying to look for other means that don't have to use up the filters as much. So what our work here has been focusing on is biological means to treat the water where you essentially use microorganisms to degrade the organic components of our urine" (2005, par. 12). This new technology could be used in the City of Lubbock to tackle the water crisis. Lubbock's wastewater treatment plant manager Mary Gonzales says, "We treat about 21 million gallons per day" (KCBD News, 2005, par. 13). Therefore we could add oxygen to accelerate the bacteria to eat those organic materials in waste water and create a new renewable source of water for the City of Lubbock (KCBD news, 2005). If we can use the massive wind energy in Texas in waste water treatment plants, we will be able to reduce significantly the high cost of recycling water and make this plan come true in the near future.
When everybody is trying to figure out the best way of dealing with Lubbock's water crisis, a proposal that leases lands to a fracking company from Fort Worth was passed during a city council meeting in March, 2012 (Gonzalez, 2012). However, this big thing for the City was not presented to any town hall meetings for the public to discuss it. Ellysa Gonzalez said, "They presented no opportunities for public discussion on the matter. It was like it was a back room deal" (Gonzalez, 2012, par. 11). After talking to a few people, Gonzalez found out that not one of them knew that the city had already signed a contract about the fracking operation. “A lot of people we have talked with do not know that the city of Lubbock leased out these lands to a company that plans to do fracking on it,” she said (Gonzalez, 2012, par. 7). “It’s hydraulic fracturing of the underground bedrock to extract oil and natural gas.” Moreover, an online petition has been posted by Sandra Manzari, a Lubbock resident, to propose a vote by the residents about the fracking (Gonzalez, 2012).  “I teach my son that we are a democracy,” Manzari stated in an email. “A government for the people by the people, yet this city council voted to have fracking in the city and I never got a say” (Gonzalez, 2012, par. 13). Thus, we did a survey during this study to find out how much people know about the water crisis and the fracking problems in Lubbock. Manzari claims the public to be uninformed. “Something as important as this should be a vote by the people not a little city council meeting,” she said in an email. “We are not deciding on if we need more parking meters or not” (Gonzalez, 2012, par.15). Water contamination, excessive use of water and air contamination by fracking are highly related to every resident in Lubbock (Magelssen, 2012). Thus, every resident has rights to be informed and vote to make their own decisions. 
In order to evaluate Lubbock residents' opinions about the water crisis and fracking, we did a survey on campus asking how much they knew about fracking and if they worried about Lubbock's water sources.   Based on the literature review, it seems that most people didn't know much about fracking and the huge environmental impacts on water sources by fracking. Furthermore, it is also likely that engineering education level will affect the ideas of people on fracking and its impacts. Since there were much fewer females in engineering fields, it was safe to conclude that males would tend to have more knowledge about fracking and the water crisis than females did.  Consequently,  males would worry more about the impacts of fracking to water sources and they would tend to be more active to save water and avoid any waste of water.  As a consequence, we believed that knowing more about fracking would make people worried more about the water supply in Lubbock and thus more people would tend to blame the oil drillers. [C.L.]

Gonzalez, E. (2012, Aug. 6). Should we vote on fracking. Retrieved on Oct 3, 2013 from                                                                       http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2012-08-06/should-we-vote-fracking#.UnHPPY0jK4Q

KCBD News. (2005, Nov. 5). Lubbock's Water Crisis: Keys to the Future. Retrieved on Sep 26, 2013 from

KCBD News. (2013, Aug. 16). City of Lubbock disputes water shortage claims. Retrieved on Sep 26, 2013                        from  http://www.kcbd.com/story/23156106/city-of-lubbock-disputes-water-shortage-claims
Lubbock Water Department. Retrieved on Sep 26, 2013 from  

Magelssen, T. (2012, Mar. 12). Hydraulic fracturing experts discuss problems associated with process.                         Retrieved on Oct 3, 2013 http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2012-03-12/hydraulic-fracturing-                   experts-discuss-problems-associated-process#.Uk2OSI0jLXa

Reed, A. (2012, Feb. 9). Lubbock's water crisis, how did we get here. Retrieved on Sep 26, 2013 from

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